Umlando

Umlando Rio de Janeiro sika ogxile ecebile, ehlukahlukene kanye multi-cultural - I LOVE Rio Uyalibona ukuthuthukiswa yokuqala namasiko nemikhuba, ukufika ukudla futhi izitayela ezivela emhlabeni wonke, futhi ukuzalwa sezakhiwo omuzi.

Inikeza imininingwane ethakazelisayo kwemvelo omakhelwane, umsuka wemikhosi, amaqembu, izinhlobo, amathelevishini imibukiso nezimfashini, kanye izithombe evocative of the esidlule, kusukela ikhofi emasimini elidala kwekhulu le-19, leli effervescence musical of the 1970 futhi the 80, futhi mkhosi kwekhulu lama-20.

Idolobha Emangalisayo Rio

Rio de Janeiro ingenye amadolobha eclectic kunawo wonke emhlabeni - a KaMose elikhulu unique ngempela, sakhiwe anhlobonhlobo ebukeka zokuhlalisana, zamasiko ngokomzimba. Ukuqonda esidlule leli dolobha kubalulekile ekuqondeni ubunjalo bayo ezehlukile kanye multi-faceted wesimanje.

Umlando Rio kulandela trajectory elithakazelisayo: esukela ekuseni bomdabu ekubuseni isiPutukezi leli koloni, futhi kusukela lapho sebebuswa inkosi kuya republic, ngisho wobushiqela wezempi. Kuwo kwezinkathi zayo ezihlukahlukene ezibalulekile, umuzi luye lwashukumisa izakhiwo ezinhle, ubuciko, amasiko, umculo, ukudla, kanye nomoya iphile.

Rio sika sea-port wakwenza isifunda kubaluleke amasu ekuhwebeni ushukela, igolide ikhofi kanye uhulumeni yingakho wenza dolobha yalelo zwe in 1763 - a isihloko ukuthi agcinwe kwi futhi off iminyaka cishe amabili. Isikhundla The port kanye indima dolobha imali ngokuvamile zibhekwa ukuba ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ukwanda kwemvelo esifundeni Kuthi akunakwenzeka izimbuku sezintaba.

Ukuthuthukiswa ezindawo ka Rio kuphawulwa ezinwetshiwe out from the Center zomlando kanye nokuthuthukiswa ezifundeni ezintathu ezungeze: ukuhweba-ngamakhasimende Northern Zone, the Posh and touristy Southern Zone, futhi esanda futhi zanamuhla Western Zone.

Isifunda eyaziwa ngokuthi Brazil lalakhiwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka by imiphakathi zomdabu labo abanye akhawunti kwafinyelela aseMelika kusukela Asia, ezweni yonkana Alaska noma olwandle kanye olwandle pacific. Lezi izizwe semi-abayimizulane waphila njengomuntu ayizisebenzi abazingeli-ababutha, futhi ungalokothi ithuthukiswe zalotshwa noma izakhiwo omkhulukazi, ngakho akukungakanani waziwa ngomlando wabo. Kuze kube namuhla, izindawo eziningi kule ndawo Rio de Janeiro basaqhubeka okuthiwa usebenzisa amagama zendabuko - the beach odumile 'Ipanema' uyisibonelo esisodwa, kanye 'Ipanema' okusho 'amanzi ezimbi,' okungenzeka reference nokudoba. Igama elithi 'Carioca,' esetshenziswa namuhla ukuba akhombise izakhamuzi edolobheni laseRio de Janeiro, lisuselwa elithi zomdabu oca 'Kari' 'okusho' endlini white 'noma' indlu ka abelungu. '

Indawo lapho zezitsha umuzi waba 'kwatholakala' phezu 1st of January 1502 ngesikhathi ngokushesha isiPutukezi eliholwa Gaspar de Lemos, ngubani owakholwa yena kwase emlonyeni umfula omkhulu, futhi okuthiwa umuzi 'River of January' ngendlela efanele.

In 1565 the jikelele isiPutukezi Estacio de eSá ngokusemthethweni wasungula umuzi ngomzamo axoshe French ngubani esasilwa ukulawula endaweni iminyaka 10: waqamba umuzi 'São Sebastião ukwenza Rio de Janeiro,' futhi kuze nesishiyagalombili ngekhulu umuzi wabizwa ngokuthi nje 'São Sebastião.' São Sebastião the First wayeyinkosi ePortugal ngesikhathi ekudalweni dolobha, mashi 1st 1565, futhi wayeqhubeka igama elifanayo saint ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wanikwa ongumvikeli emzini: São Sebastião.

The French axoshwa ngempumelelo iminyaka emibili kamuva, kodwa waqhubeka empini okubusa iminyaka amahlanu alandelayo. Ugu ezizungeze iRio de Janeiro ukhangwa bamakoloni isiPutukezi kanye French ngenxa yohwebo inzuzo ka Brazil Wood noshukela, ezingaholela kuhanjiswe ngokusebenzisa echwebeni.

In the Century 17 muzi kwathiwa namanje ezinabantu by Indios zomdabu. Empeleni, ngo-1660, kwaba ekhaya an umxhwele 6.000 Indios zomdabu, uma eqhathaniswa Afrika 750 isiPutukezi 100 kuphela kanye. In the ngasekupheleni 17 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu Century 18, idolobha waba uthishanhloko ukuhweba iphuzu izigqila, kanye igolide namatshe ayigugu misela esifundazweni elingumakhelwane Minas Gerais, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu 1763 uhulumeni jikelele kudluliswa kusuka emzini Salvador enyakatho-mpumalanga ye Brazil ukuba Rio de Janeiro, okwenza emzini dolobha State.

Kuwo amaPutukezi sebukholoni, phakathi 1763 kanye 1822, Rio de Janeiro yayiyinhloko-dolobha yeBrazil. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingxenye ngenxa isimo salo dolobha, futhi ingxenye ngokuba isikhungo esibalulekile sezentengiselwano, Rio sadonsa abantu abavela ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Abokufika ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene Europe, Asia, kanye nemisebenzi Middle East osungulwe emzini futhi ezindaweni ezizungezile, enikeza imvelaphi ukuba isiko nokwenziwa ukuthi namanje manje isici Rio.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, i tetemnotfo washaya umuzi, njengoba amanye amazwe eNingizimu Melika ukuncintisana kanye Brazil ekukhiqizeni umoba. The amagagasi ekushintsheni nengcebo ngabe uguqule Rio de Janeiro kakhulu kwekhulu leminyaka elalandela.

Ngenxa sikaNapoleon impi eqhubekayo kanye Portugal emuva eYurophu, Rio de Janeiro yaba inhloko okwesikhashana Portugal phakathi 1808 kanye 1821, futhi kwaba ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi esigodlweni wayiswa Rio kunganqatshelwa lwemikhumbi 40. Umndeni isiPutukezi wasebukhosini wafika ku Rio e 1808, ihamba amalungu 20,000 legceke isiPutukezi, kanye elicwengekile amazinga yezakhiwo, abaculi, ukufunda, nezifundiswa, futhi isifiso sokuba amabandla futhi ngemikhuba yanamuhla zamanxusa.

Rio waba inhloko-dolobha yombuso LwaseBrazil 1822, lwekwandzisa abathengisa nezentengiselwano kanye Europe kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi oyinhloko enhlokodolobha kwaba ukukhiqizwa ikhofi, okuholela kudalwa amapulazi ehlukahlukene kanye nokwakhiwa izindlu eziningi isekhona.

Production Coffee kakhulu ngomfutho umnotho kanye nezohwebo, futhi kamuva waba omunye omkhiqizo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ebaluleke kakhulu Rio de Janeiro, okwenza ikhofi ethandwa kuwo wonke amagumbi umhlaba ngezinga elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili.

Ngo-1822, lo War of Brazilian Independence waqala, futhi Rio de Janeiro waba inhloko-dolobha umbuso omusha and ezimele. Kamuva, umuzi wahlala njengoba inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso ka Brazil kuze 1889, futhi ekugcineni phakathi neminyaka republic of Brazil 1960, lapho enhlokodolobha wayiswa Brasília.

Kuwo wonke umlando walo, Rio de Janeiro yayiyinhloko inhliziyo imisinga enamandla kanye ezintsha zezombusazwe kanye engqondo ukuze kwaholela Ukuqedwa yobugqila ngo-1888 kumiswa Republic ngo 1889.

With the nokwehla beyosebenza ezibalulekile ikhofi kanye umoba emasimini, umuzi baqala ukuthola izinombolo elikhulu lezifiki European and ababeyizigqila, bakhangwa lungaba umsebenzi oholelayo naphakathi 1872 no-1890 labantu kabili. Lokhu kuqhuma lokubala ubuningi babantu yabangela esibucayi izindlu lapho okwakukhona kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, futhi ziyingozi wezokuHlaliswa izindlu baqala ukuvela phezu kwamagquma omuzi: laba wezokuHlaliswa ngabe kamuva ukuba ngokuthi 'favelas,' manje odumile emhlabeni wonke ngenxa look alandisa iminikelo yabo ezibalulekile zamasiko ezifana zomculo ukuhluza 'samba' kanye nokuthuthukiswa zomkhosi amaqembu umbukwane ukuthi umbukiso njalo ngonyaka edolobheni.

By 1890 abantu abangaba yisigidi wahlala emzini, cishe ingxenye yesine kwabaqhamuka ngaphandle kokuba - lokhu ngaphezu ababeyizigqila kusuka ikhofi kanye noshukela emasimini bekhululiwe in 1888 ngumuntu isinqumo princess Elizabeth.

Ekuqaleni 20th Century Mayor Pereira Passos uhlaziyo ngezinga hlelwa kabusha nokumvulela lendwangu emadolobheni komuzi, ukwakha imigwaqo, imizila ububanzi futhi izakhiwo zesimanje, kanye nokunikeza asphalt izindlu enkabeni yedolobha futhi ezifundeni ezizungezile. Ingqalasizinda lase abalingisa izakhiwo waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha we isikhathi, futhi kubhekwa eminye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ezinethonya ukuze eyenzeke emlandweni Rio de Janeiro sika. Lokhu lapho 'Cidade maravilhosa,' imigomo noma 'umuzi emangalisayo,' wazalwa naphakade libhalwe umphefumulo omuzi kanye nesazisi.

Ngalesi sikhathi inhliziyo dolobha walala maphakathi yayo, delimited ngakolunye uhlangothi by the bay ezisogwini, kanti ingaphakathi lalinabantu by emasimini amancane namapulazi. With the ukufika kukagesi ngasekupheleni Ikhulu Lama-20, lwabantu waqala ukushintsha futhi trams kagesi kwasiza abantu ukuba baphile kude okukhulu kusukela emsebenzini wabo, wokwandisa imingcele omuzi. Umuzi omdala, eduze kolwandle, lase liphenduke 'Centro' (Center) - esifundeni kwezamabhizinisi kanye nezohwebo, kanti indwangu zokuhlala zasemadolobheni landiswa out ukugudla ugu futhi ekufezeni ingaphakathi lokwakha Northern Zone. Ukunwetshwa kwadingeka yokunyakaza emhlabeni sendawo engavamile emzini, lapho izintaba aqoshiwe ngokusebenzisa izigodi futhi ngaphakathi by emabhishi.

Phakathi 1920 futhi ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950 Rio de Janeiro kwaduma kakhulu izivakashi ephezulu kanye osaziwayo international - kwaba phakathi nale nkathi, ngo-1923, ukuthi odumile Copacabana Palace Ihhotela sivulwe, futhi movie adumile kwase wathwebula.

Njengoba of the-1930 ezifundeni olwandle-phambi Copacabana, Ipanema futhi Leblon, elase ngaphambili wakhulelwa njengoba exotic beach izindawo, phathelana kakhulu ithathwa izindawo zokuhlala, sibonga kuvulwa imigudu, futhi ukufika tram imigqa.

Literature of the time bebabaza impilo nezenhlalo izinzuzo asogwini umoya nolwandle ukugeza futhi beach nokuphila ezisogwini waba mkhuba omusha - uphawu yinkimbinkimbi nokungcebeleka elite. The South Zone weza kuyabonakala njengoba inhliziyo nezamasiko, ekhaya amahhotela grand, elicwengekile zokudla, zokubukela amabhayisikobho, amaqembu kanye yeshashalazi. The ukuhluza musical 'Bossa Nova' wazalelwa kulezi zindawo futhi kwachuma e-1960, 70. futhi 80.

Ngo-1960, inhloko-dolobha federal wayiswa kusukela Rio ukuba Brasilia, inkanuko umuzi ukuthola ungubani entsha ukugxila ukuba enhlokodolobha yamasiko Brazil.

Kudalwa imigudu kanye nemigwaqo zavula western coastal ibanga kuze intuthuko okukhulu. Ngesikhathi 1970 endaweni ayefakaza a kakhulu yashesha yasedolobheni inqubo, sivumele swathes enkulu labantu abami sokufaka esifundeni Barra da Tijuca kanye phambili entshonalanga kuya Recreio dos Bandeirantes, ekhaya amapaki umbukwane namabhishi. Large izindlu, condominiums, zezitolo mansions waqala ugcwalise entshonalanga landscape, kubabangele izifunda kakhulu banamuhla emzini.

Kusukela ngo-1990, namandla kamasipala njalo inkanuko yobulili idolobha-wide ezenzekayo, yekwatisa bezikhali zasemadolobheni kanye emvelweni komuzi ngokugcwele, nokukhuthaza isiko, ezokungcebeleka kanye zemidlalo. Ogwini sekantjintjile zibe sokungcebeleka izikhala ezemidlalo imisebenzi efana ukusebenza zomculo kanye imibukiso, kanti iminyuziyamu futhi zobuciko Kuye evuselelwe futhi athuthukiswe kulo lonke idolobha. The nalomsebenzi jikelele kanye nezamasiko afakwe ibamba ezibalulekile imicimbi yezemidlalo, ezifana FIFA Soccer World Cup ngo-2014.

An ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile emlandweni omuzi aqala ngo 2008 kanye ukuqaliswa pacifying amaphoyisa amayunithi e favelas eziningana yonkana Rio de Janeiro: mibutho yehlise amazinga kakhulu ubugebengu nokwenza idolobhakazi kakhulu iphephe zokuphila, ngokuvakashela futhi beqhuba ibhizinisi, inkanuko entsha isikhathi nentuthuko kanye uqokomisa indima entsha futhi ohlonishwa Rio sika enkundleni emhlabeni.

Isiko Rio de Janeiro sika kuphawulwa esiqalweni zendabuko, ifa lokungapheleli ikoloni, amathonya ezibalulekile kusukela nezinto eziningi amasiko omhlaba, kanti ukuma ezindawo komuzi - port yayo, izintaba namabhishi. Umlando unique womuzi uye sculpted ibe inhlangano organic ngempela futhi i lokudlala eziphilayo amasiko nemibono.