generally the highest areas of risk in brazil are centered in the most rural areas or in wildlife regions where there is a lot of forested land or jungle, including the amazon, pantanal and iguazu falls - with rio de janeiro at very low risk for malaria.

regardless, it is important to wear covering clothing whenever possible and use bug spray to stay safe especially when hiking.

while most of these recommended vaccinations are more precautionary in nature, it helps to remember these risks and act accordingly before any big trip.

last but not least, a tetanus-diphtheria vaccine is highly recommended to all visitors planning to explore rio de janeiro outside the typical touristy routes.