there is a list of recommended vaccinations for rio, which include a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required only if the foreigner has traveled within the last 90 days, to any of the following countries: angola, bolivia, benin, burkina, cameroon, colombia, democratic republic of congo, ecuador, french guyana, gabon, ghana, gambia, republic of guinea, liberia, nigeria, peru, sierra leone, sudan or venezuela).

even when not required when travelling to rio, getting a yellow fever vaccine is highly advisable - in fact, though there are no longer any official reported cases of yellow fever in brazil, the rural areas of acre, amapa, amazonas, goias, maranhao, mato grosso, mato grosso do sul, and some parts of minas gerais and são paulo are considered to be among some of the endemic areas - anyone planning on taking a tour of other areas of the country besides rio may want to carefully consider these risks.