domestic archetypes included singers such as luís gonzaga, orlando silva and dorival caymmi and, somewhat ironically, the soft sounds of bossa nova with joão gilberto in particular.

the musical revolution was championed by now-legendary artists gilberto gil, caetano veloso, tom zé, gal costa and os mutantes who, by early 1967, were growing increasingly dissatisfied with the musical status quo in brazil. 

they argued that brazilian music needed to be more 'universal,' that the elitist and nationalist attitude that pervaded mpb at the time was self-serving and ultimately self-defeating, and that the time for change had arrived.