additionally, the introduction of three new instruments - the banjo, the repique de mão and the tantã, two unique hand-drums - gave the sound popularized by the group fundo de quintal and the songstress beth carvalho a unique signature.

in the 1990s, driven to compete with the success of sertanejo - brazilian country music - many pagode groups turned to electronic instruments, dividing the genre in two - the 'pop' (with electronic instrumentation and programming) and the 'roots' (with acoustic instruments and percussion).

continuing in the tradition of carioca folk music sweeping down from the hills, taking over the national airwaves and generating no shortage of controversy is funk carioca, or baile funk.