areas of mountain rainforest are amongst the most bio diverse regions of the mata atlântica, protecting a huge number of the native species. one reason for great diversity of the mountain rainforest is its lack of definable seasons, giving it a constant condition, perfect for the rare species of the region.

beyond 1,500 and 2000 meters above sea level, there is the aptly named cloud vegetation, otherwise known as the elfin forest or cloud forest. at this level the clouds of the region thoroughly support the vegetation, giving it a constant stream of water, resulting in a rich and unique diversity.