the mangroves of the atlantic forest house some particularly rare species, while also providing a particularly unique ecological environment, completely different from the other ecosystems. accessible via small boats and local water-taxis, the lagoa de marapendi is a part of rio's rich of mangroves.

the next level is the restinga forest, which can be found from sea level up until 200 meters above sea level. the restingas occur on sandy and nutrient-impoverished soils, and are comprised of shrub vegetation, and forestry up to 15 meters tall.