wider forms of literature such as letters, chronicles, poetry and novels, allowed the press a constant dialogue with one another, working together to form a conceptual and literary representation of rio de janeiro that ran parallel to the literal city.

the city of rio underwent major restructuring towards the beginning of the 20th century, with port reforms and the construction of new roads and colossal architectural developments - and, in many ways it experienced two concurrent forms of transformation.

during this period, journalists, novelists, poets, and thinkers, heralded rio de janeiro as their theme, showering it with expressive, celebrative and symbolic language, continually shaping and reshaping it in the consciousness of its inhabitants.