the quantity and quality of theatrical companies and their activity grew immensely during this time. there was prevailing attitude, that the few theaters existing in the city, didn't have the necessary quality to follow this growing trend.

arthur azevedo, a brazilian actor, became known for the campaigns he launched in the final years of the century, for the construction of a new and more capable auditorium. dispite his efforts, any real progress towards achieving his goal did not occur until the early 20th century.

after a polemic contest for the concept of the new theater, the decision was taken to combine both finalists' designs, which had similar layouts. construction began in 1905 and was completed four years later. the location of he theatre was chosen to be the plaza marechal floriano, in cinelândia right in the center of rio de janeiro.