the cave's cool air wafts towards hikers as they approach its entrances - a nice respite during the hot brazilian summer. the coolness is caused by the cave's cold underground air that is denser and heavier than the warmer outside air and creates a natural air-conditioning system within its depths. the warmer outside air is obstructed at the entrance of the cave, creating a cold micro-climate. 

the caverna bernardo de oliveira was formed out of limestone and quartzite, and displays various interesting flora, including plants that have small, leathery leaves and subterranean, tuberous organs.