Presented by the Instituto Militar de Engenharia, the study Analisando a implantação de pedágio urbano na cidade do Rio de Janeiro - Analyzing the deployment of congestion tolls on the city of Rio de Janeiro by Roberto Lucas Junior, Vânia Barcellos Gouvêa Campos, states that The first urban toll was created in the city of Singapore in 1970 and the measure has since been adopted in cities in Europe, such as London, Stockholm, Oslo and Milan, amongst others - In these cities the implementation of an urban toll has been successful, reducing the amount of congestion and environmental pollution, whilst improving and increasing the use of public transport.