Belgium and Brazil have solid diplomatic relations since the XIX century, when Brazil was still an empire - Presently, bilateral relations are centered around strategic topics such as microelectronics, Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and fine chemistry, but educational cooperation is also a priority for the two countries.

Governmental representatives of both countries are in close contact very often, and not only federal government - Belgium is a very regionalized country marked by clear differences between regions, and because of this, it is more common that Regional governments from Belgium represent themselves directly in some aspects.