presented by pontifícia universidade católica do rio de janeiro, the study da cidade nova ao estácio: a década de 1920 e a possível primeira crise do samba (from cidade nova to estácio: the 1920s and the first possible samba crisis)discusses a possible crisis of samba-enredo (a sub-genre of samba)  which took place during the mid-1980s and in the 1990s and in the early years of the 21st century.

p resented by livros grátis, the study transformações do samba carioca no século XX (samba transformations in rio in the 20th century), by carlos sandroni outlines how at the end of the 1920s the first 'escolas de samba' (samba schools)had been created.