given that rio de janeiro looks out onto the atlantic ocean, welcome sea breezes blow onshore, moderating the temperatures - although it is useful to remember that cold fronts coming up from antarctica sometimes cause abrupt weather changes.

summer can also produce strong showers leading to severe flooding and landslides, which can be very dangerous given that much of the rio de janeiro's population reside on the steep slopes of the region's mountainous terrain.

summer includes includes december, january, february and most of march - december and january are the hottest months and december through to april typically produce the most rain.