p resented by scripta nova - revista electrónica de geografia y ciencias sociales da universidad de barcelona the study 'escolas de samba, identidade nacional e o direito à cidade' (samba schools, national identity and the right to the city)by nelson da nóbrega fernandes shows how  samba schools, invented in the 1920's by the poorest groups in rio, went on to to conquer the nation's capital and become, at the end world war ii, the symbol of the brazilian nation. 

t his generation created the samba musicians of the following decades, who found the radio to be an important vehicle for cultural diffusion, helping to consolidate samba as an important part of the fabric of the nation, and aiding also in the emergence of great composers such as noel rosa, ataulfo alves, and wilson batista.